Grammar
Tense: Present perfect – Form
1st Part
Grammar in use
2nd Part
Form
3rd Part
To be
4th Part
Drillls
Conjugation
Example with the verb to WORK ➔ HAVE WORKED
Example with the verb to BEGIN➔ HAVE BEGUN (irregular verb)
| Affirmative form | Negative form | Questions |
| I/you/we have worked/begun She/it has worked/begun | I/you/we haven’t worked/begun He/she/it hasn’t worked/begun | Have I/you/we worked/begun? Has he/she/it worked/begun? |
| Same formation for all personal pronouns. Même forme à toutes les personnes. |
Spelling
SOME VERBS HAVE IRREGULAR FORMS IN THE PAST PARTICIPLE (EN)
LIST OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED IRREGULAR VERBS` (to be learnt off by heart)
ON devrait faire une 4ème colonne pour la traduction . Ce serait plus cohérent. Je n’ai pas réussi à le faire..
Cf verbes irréguliers present perfect.
| Base Form TO | Past Participle (V3) | |
|---|---|---|
| arise | arose | arisen (se lever) |
| awake | awoke | awoken (se réveiller) |
| be | was/were | been (être) |
| bear | bore | born(e) (porter) |
| beat | beat | beaten (battre) |
| become | became | become (devenir) |
| begin | began | begun (commencer) |
| bend | bent | bent (se pencher) |
| bet | bet | bet (parier) |
| bind | bound | bound (lier) |
| bite | bit | bitten (mordre) |
| bleed | bled | bled (saigner) |
| blow | blew | blown (souffler) |
| break | broke | broken (casser) |
| breed | bred | bred (élever) |
| bring | brought | brought (apporter) |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast (diffuser) |
| build | built | built (construire) |
| burn | burnt/burned | burnt/burned (brûler) |
| burst | burst | burst (éclater) |
| buy | bought | bought (acheter) |
| catch | caught | caught (attraper) |
| choose | chose | chosen (choisir) |
| cling | clung | clung (s’acrocher) |
| come | came | come (venir) |
| cost | cost | cost (coûter) |
| creep | crept | crept (ramper) |
| cut | cut | cut (couper) |
| deal | dealt | dealt (faire un marché/ traiter de / distribuer (cartes)) |
| dig | dug | dug (creuser) |
| do | did | done (faire) |
| draw | drew | drawn (dessiner) |
| dream | dreamt/dreamed | dreamt/dreamed (rêver) |
| drink | drank | drunk (boire) |
| drive | drove | driven (conduire) |
| eat | ate | eaten (manger) |
| fall | fell | fallen (tomber) |
| feed | fed | fed (nourrir) |
| feel | felt | felt (ressentir) |
| fight | fought | fought (combattre) |
| find | found | found (trouver) |
| fly | flew | flown (voler) |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden (interdire) |
| forget | forgot | forgotten (oublier) |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven (pardonner) |
| freeze | froze | frozen (geler) |
| get | got | got (avoir) |
| give | gave | given (donner) |
| go | went | gone (aller) |
| grind | ground | ground (moudre) |
| grow | grew | grown (pousser / grandir (taille/âge…)) |
| hang | hung | hung (pendre) |
| have | had | had (voir) |
| hear | heard | heard (entendre) |
| hide | hid | hidden (cacher) |
| hit | hit | hit (frapper) |
| hold | held | held (tenir) |
| hurt | hurt | hurt (blesser/ toucher) |
| keep | kept | kept (garder) |
| kneel | knelt | knelt (s’agenouiller) |
| know | knew | known (savoir) |
| lay | laid | laid (poser) |
| lead | led | led (mener/conduire) |
| lean | leant/leaned | leant/leaned (se pencher) |
| learn | learnt/learned | learnt/learned (apprendre) |
| leave | left | left (quitter) |
| lend | lent | lent (prêter) |
| let | let | let (laisser) |
| lie (in bed) | lay | lain (être allongé) |
| light | lit/lighted | lit/lighted (éclairer) |
| lose | lost | Lost (perdre) |
| make | made | Made (faire) |
| I may | I might | J’ai la permission de… |
| mean | meant | Meant (signifier) |
| meet | met | Met (rencontrer) |
| mow | mowed | mown/mowed (tondre (la pelouse)) |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken (dépasser) |
| pay | paid | paid (payer) |
| put | put | put (mettre) |
| read | read | read (lire) |
| ride | rode | ridden (monter (à cheval)/ en velo… ) |
| ring | rang | rung (sonner) |
| rise | rose | risen (se lever) |
| run | ran | run (courir) |
| saw | sawed | sawn/sawed (scier) |
| say | said | Said (dire) |
| see | saw | Seen (voir) |
| sell | sold | Sold (vendre) |
| send | sent | Sent (envoyer) |
| set | set | set (poser) |
| sew | sewed | sewn/sewed (coudre) |
| shake | shook | shaken (secouer) |
| shed | shed | shed (abriter) |
| shine | shone | Shone (briller) |
| shoot | shot | Shot (tirer) |
| show | showed | Shown (montrer) |
| shrink | shrank | Shrunk (rétrécir) |
| shut | shut | Shut (fermer) |
| sing | sang | Sung (chanter) |
| sink | sank | Sunk (sombrer) |
| sit | sat | Sat (s’assoir) |
| sleep | slept | Slept (dormir) |
| slide | slid | Slid (glisser) |
| smell | smelt | Smelt (sentir (odorat)) |
| sow | sowed | sown/sowed (semer) |
| speak | spoke | Spoken (parler) |
| spell | spelt/spelled | spelt/spelled (épeler) |
| spend | spent | Spent (passer (temps)) |
| spit | spat | Spat (cracher) |
| spread | spread | Spread (étaler) |
| stand | stand | Stood (se tenir(debout)) |
| steal | stole | Stolen (voler) |
| stick | stuck | Stuck (coller) |
| sting | stung | Stung (piquer) |
| stink | stank | Stunk (sentir mauvais) |
| strike | struck | Struck (frapper) |
| swear | swore | Sworn (jurer) |
| sweep | swept | Swept (balayer) |
| swell | swelled | swollen/swelled (enfler) |
| swim | swam | Swum (nager) |
| swing | swung | Swung ((se)balancer) |
| take | took | Taken (prendre) |
| teach | taught | Taught (enseigner) |
| tear | tore | Torn (déchirer) |
| tell | told | Told (dire quelque chose à quelqu’un) |
| think | thought | Thought (penser) |
| throw | threw | Thrown (jeter) |
| understand | understood | Understood (comprendre) |
| wake | woke | Woken (réveiller) |
| wear | wore | Worn (porter un vêtement) |
| weep | wept | Wept (pleurer) |
| win | won | Won (gagner) |
| wind | wound | Wound (enrouler) |
| write | wrote | Written (écrire) |