Grammar
Tense: Past simple – Form
1st Part
Grammar in use
2nd Part
Form
3rd Part
To be
4th Part
Drillls
Conjugation
Example with the verb: TO WORK
| I work-ED : The suffix -ED is used form the simple past. On ajoute le suffixe ED à la base verbale (WORK) pour former le past simple= → WORKED Particularity : some verbs have an irregular past simple. (cf list irregular verbs) (certains verbes, appelés verbes irréguliers, forment leur past simple différemment(cf liste) Ex : I think → I thought He sent me a letter (to send) |
| Affirmative form | Negative form | Questions |
| I/you/we/they worked | I/you/we/they did not work (contraction : don’t work) | Did I/you/we/they work? |
| he/she/it worked | he/she/it did not work (contraction : didn’t work) | Did he/she/it work? |
A NOTER : La conjugaison est la même à toutes les personnes.
Spelling – Pronunciation
For verbs ending in a consonant plus -y, we change -y to -i and add –ed.
For verbs ending in-e-, add -d
For verbs ending in a consonant , double the consonant.
| To cry | she cried |
| to love | he loved |
| to stop | she stopped |
| to kiss | he kissed |
Pronunciation:
ED is pronounced [id] after t and d : Wanted / started/ needed / lasted….
ED is pronounced [d] after b/g/l/m/n/r/v/w/y/z : earned/ lived/played/ welcomed/ showed/ cancelled/
ED is pronounced [t] after k/f/p/s-c /sh/ch/x : watched/ mixed/ laughed/ looked/
SOME VERBS HAVE IRREGULAR FORMS IN THE PAST SIMPLE
LIST OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED IRREGULAR VERBS` (to be learnt off by heart)
| Base Form TO | Past Simple (V2) | Past Participle (V3) |
| arise | arose | Arisen : se lever |
| awake | awoke | Awoken : se réveiller |
| be | was/were | Been : être |
| bear | bore | born(e) : porter |
| beat | beat | Beaten : battre |
| become | became | Become : devenir |
| begin | began | Begun : commencer |
| bend | bent | Bent : se pencher/ |
| bet | bet | Bet : parier |
| bind | bound | Bound : lier |
| bite | bit | Bitten : mordre |
| bleed | bled | Bled : saigner |
| blow | blew | Blown : souffler |
| break | broke | Broken : casser |
| breed | bred | Bred : élever |
| bring | brought | Brought : apporter |
| broadcast | broadcast | Broadcast : diffuser |
| build | built | Built : construire |
| burn | burnt/burned | burnt/burned : brûler |
| burst | burst | Burst : éclater |
| buy | bought | Bought : acheter |
| catch | caught | Caught : attraper |
| choose | chose | Chosen : choisir |
| cling | clung | Clung : s’acrocher |
| come | came | Come : venir |
| cost | cost | Cost : coûter |
| creep | crept | Crept : ramper |
| cut | cut | Cut : couper |
| deal | dealt | Dealt : faire un marché/ traiter de / distribuer (cartes) |
| dig | dug | Dug : creuser |
| do | did | Done : faire |
| draw | drew | Drawn : dessiner |
| dream | dreamt/dreamed | dreamt/dreamed : rêver |
| drink | drank | Drunk : boire |
| drive | drove | Driven : conduire |
| eat | ate | Eaten : manger |
| fall | fell | Fallen : tomber |
| feed | fed | Fed : nourrir |
| feel | felt | Felt : ressentir |
| fight | fought | Fought : combattre |
| find | found | Found : trouver |
| fly | flew | Flown : voler |
| forbid | forbade | Forbidden : interdire |
| forget | forgot | Forgotten : oublier |
| forgive | forgave | Forgiven : pzrdonner |
| freeze | froze | Frozen : geler |
| get | got | Got : avoir |
| give | gave | Given : donner |
| go | went | Gone : aller |
| grind | ground | Ground : moudre |
| grow | grew | Grown : pousser / grandir ((taille/âge… |
| hang | hung | Hung : pendre |
| have | had | Had : avoir |
| hear | heard | Heard : entendre |
| hide | hid | Hidden : cacher |
| hit | hit | Hit : frapper |
| hold | held | Held : tenir |
| hurt | hurt | Hurt : blesser/ toucher |
| keep | kept | Kept : garder |
| kneel | knelt | Knelt : s’agenouiller |
| know | knew | Known : savoir |
| lay | laid | Laid : poser |
| lead | led | Led : mener/ conduire |
| lean | leant/leaned | leant/leaned : se pencher |
| learn | learnt/learned | learnt/learned : apprendre |
| leave | left | Left : quitter |
| lend | lent | Lent : prêter |
| let | let | Let : laisser |
| lie (in bed) | lay | Lain : être allongé |
| light | lit/lighted | lit/lighted : éclairer |
| lose | lost | Lost : perdre |
| make | made | Made : faire |
| I may | I might | J’ai la permission de… |
| mean | meant | Meant : Signifier |
| meet | met | Met : rencontrer |
| mow | mowed | mown/mowed : tondre (la pelouse) |
| overtake | overtook | Overtaken : dépasser |
| pay | paid | Paid : payer |
| put | put | Put : mettre |
| read | read | Read : lire |
| ride | rode | Ridden : monter(à cheval)/ en velo… |
| ring | rang | Rung : sonner |
| rise | rose | Risen : se lever |
| run | ran | Run : courir |
| saw | sawed | sawn/sawed : scier |
| say | said | Said : dire |
| see | saw | Seen : voir |
| sell | sold | Sold : vendre |
| send | sent | Sent ; envoyer |
| set | set | Set : poser |
| sew | sewed | sewn/sewed : coudre |
| shake | shook | Shaken : seouer |
| shed | shed | Shed : abriter |
| shine | shone | Shone : briler |
| shoot | shot | Shot : tirer |
| show | showed | Shown : montrer |
| shrink | shrank | Shrunk : rétrécir |
| shut | shut | Shut : fermer |
| sing | sang | Sung : chanter |
| sink | sank | Sunk : sombrer |
| sit | sat | Sat : s’assoir |
| sleep | slept | Slept :dormir |
| slide | slid | Slid : glisser |
| smell | smelt | Smelt : sentir (odorat) |
| sow | sowed | sown/sowed : semer |
| speak | spoke | Spoken : parler |
| spell | spelt/spelled | spelt/spelled : épeler |
| spend | spent | Spent : passer (temps) |
| spill | spilt/spilled | spilt/spilled : revnerser |
| spit | spat | Spat : cracher |
| spread | spread | Spread : étaler |
| stand | stood | Stood : se tenir (debout) |
| steal | stole | Stolen : voler |
| stick | stuck | Stuck : coller |
| sting | stung | Stung : piquer |
| stink | stank | Stunk : sentir mauvais |
| strike | struck | Struck : frapper |
| swear | swore | Sworn : jurer |
| sweep | swept | Swept : balayer |
| swell | swelled | swollen/swelled : enfler |
| swim | swam | Swum : nager |
| swing | swung | Swung : (se )balancer |
| take | took | Taken : prendre |
| teach | taught | Taught : enseigner |
| tear | tore | Torn : déchirer |
| tell | told | Tolld : dire quelque chose à quelqu’un |
| think | thought | Thought : penser |
| throw | threw | Thrown : jeter |
| understand | understood | Understood : comprendre |
| wake | woke | Woken : réveiller |
| wear | wore | Worn : porter un vêtement |
| weep | wept | Wept : pleurer |
| win | won | Won : gagner |
| wind | wound | Wound :enrouler |
| write | wrote | Written : écrire |