Innovate the way you communicate
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you know when I was a boy um I didn’t
really know my father I grew up in
Sydney and uh I lived there until I was
13 years old and um my dad was one of
these men who growing up he had this
pretty good job in Sydney and he’d be
gone before I got up in the morning when
it was still dark he had come home in
the afternoon again it probably still
dark was around at night and so you
know I didn’t really get to know this
person at all to me he was just this um
cranky man that I got to see on the
weekends usually did the lawn and other
than that you just did clear of him
because you didn’t want to get in his
way he might say something to you and um
you know I went through this whole life
and just wondering actually who is this
particular person unbeknownst to me at
the time when I was around about 11
years old my father had been going to
the doctor and he had high blood
pressure and the doctor was been saying
to him look it’s getting worse and worse
you’ve got to get out of the job you’re
in it’s too high stress you’ve got to do
something with your life you know make
sure you have a change here you’ve got
to address it or us you’re going to have
a heart attack and you’re going to
die so um when I turned 13 mom and dad
just said hey we’re moving like I was
like oh this is good well we’re in the
western suburbs of Sydney near param
meta and we end up moving to this
beautiful little country gold mining
town called
gimpy and so just out past the Southside
there at lsh right down in the bottom of
this Valley mom and dad ended up buying
this house with 5 Acres there for me
this was absolutely brilliant you this
is fantastic this was an Adventure Land
I’ve been through this whole process you
know growing up and just houses
everywhere I always looked at books
looked at farms I loved animals I just
wanted this life and all of a sudden
this life was mine that first Christmas
was a real eye opener for me because
what I end up discovering is this old
man who I thought was a real cranky
person wasn’t too bad actually it was
actually pretty funny not just that I
notic he had the same sense of humor as
me you know he was quite a jovial person
it’s really interesting you know he’s
the sort of person that would laugh like
if you you hurt yourself rather than
actually asking if you were right he
would laugh at it especially if it was
something stupid and I did a lot of
stupid things when I was a kid I can
tell you right now it’s funny cuz now I
laugh at my kids for doing stupid things
um but he ended up turning out to be
what this jovial person he had quite
this dry sense of humor and you know I
really got to know him I really enjoyed
being around him and was a real surprise
for me the first day I went to school in
gimpy I went to gimpy High I came home
on the bus and I’ve looked out the
window and his dad standing at the front
gate with this white goat on a
tether and I’ve looked I’ve got up the
bus and I’ve looked and I going what’s
going on man he’s like I bought a goat
I’m like yeah I can see that I said
what’s its name and he goes spotty I’m
thinking yeah it’s a white goat so you
call it spotty you know great idea that
sort of explains the sort of person that
my dad
was over the next 5 or six years I
really got to know my dad well you know
we end up becoming these best mates who
had these great conversations he was
such an intelligent person he was this
wise person and um I really appreciated
my relationship with him not just that
it was really quite bizarre because this
goat SP he came to represent his renewed
life and Dad spent so many hours walking
around the farm just Dragon spotty along
behind him that the do goat actually
used to start following him around the
farm so it was great every weekend we’d
be there I’d be offer in ADV ventes I’d
come home and here’s dad and spotty just
getting around somewhere the farm always
having a bit of fun this one particular
day I woke up before school and I’ve
walked down to the paddock and I’ve gone
to move to spotty’s tether and through
the night she jumped up into the sapling
tree slipped down and a leg had got
caught and she’d snapped a leg and when
I got down there I lift her out of the
tree but I realized straight away that
she had died and uh I thought straight
away you know alarm Bells R I thought oh
gee how’s Dad going to react to this and
I ran up to the house I going straight
inside and I told joh I said look spot’s
dead um and he just went straight to the
bedroom and I knew straight away that he
was hurt because he didn’t even want to
see us about 15 minutes later he came
back out and he goes look son can you
stay home and bury spotty for me I just
can’t do it I’ve got to go to work and I
said yeah yeah Dad it’s fine off you go
so uh I took the day off school it was a
pretty warm day I’ve gone down to the
padic of course being the young stupid
fellow I was I didn’t take any water or
anything I picked the middle of the
padic got the shovel out and start
digging in the ground and it was like
rock and after an hour I was dying of
dehydration it was in the middle of the
day is just burning I got the whole to
about this deep and I just could not go
any further so I gra old poor old spotty
and I dragged her over and I put her in
the hole and just covered it over with
dirt I’ve gone up to the house that
afternoon dad gets home and goes to you
bury and I said yeah and he goes did you
put a cross up and I said oh no I forgot
I had even thought for a second that he
might want to cross that he could
actually go down and see the grave I
said look I’ll do it Tom goes no no mate
it’s all right it’s all right don’t
worry about it 2 weeks to the day later
I was um at my girlfriend’s Place who
happens to be my wife now she’s in the
crowd and her mom so I was at their
place and um I get this phone call and
it was my mother and she said look son
your father’s had a heart attack go
straight to the hospital and she said
don’t get your hopes up mate because
it’s pretty bad and you know my world
crumbled show I thought gee you know
this is it something you know this is
what’s what’s going to happen I finally
get to know this person I’m going to
lose him I went to the hospital I’d
already called my sister and she was at
the hospital as well she’ talked to the
nurses and she came out and she was
balling and I knew the second I looked
at her that dad was gone and she was
shook her head and I just crumbled to
the ground you know I finally got to
know this person this is five or six
years of really becoming best mates with
this man and he was gone and I had no
idea at any inking at all that there had
been something wrong with him well I was
distraught and I I was devastated and as
anyone who’s lost someone you know you
go through this process of just looking
for a sign looking for something and
even though I told my father that I
loved him a lot of times I still felt
like I needed something more I needed a
sign just from him to let let me know
that hey I love you too son it’s all
right and about five or six weeks went
on and the season started to change the
farm you know the grass turned brown and
everything started to die it was a bit
like my mood it’s like as soon as he
died everything started to die as well
about 6 weeks later I was up the back of
the yard I was feeding the chickens so
I’m up there I’m throwing around the
chicken food and I just happened to look
down at the paddock and here is this
bright green patch of grass just perfect
round right in the middle of the padic
and I just thought this is it it’s the
life this is the sign I’ve been waiting
for I just dropped that chicken feed and
I went running down the Verge Down The
Paddock and the grass is there and I
came straight up and I just jumped on it
and the second my feet went through the
ground I realized my mistake there was
this big pop and something went all over
my
face by the time my feet hit the bottom
of that hole I was up to about there in
spotty’s
carcass now you think being waste deep
in a goat’s carcass is
bad you wait you smell
it cuz the next thing that happened is I
went and I just started vomiting all
over myself now we got to get this
picture right here because unfortunately
my arms had gone in as well now I’m not
going to tell you what color they were
and it was one of the nightmares from
the movies where you can’t get out of
the hole I was sort of like this and I
kept spping I having to grab behind me
clumps of grass and drag myself back of
course I finally get out of this hole
and I know where the creek is so I just
take a BWI for the creek I couldn’t even
breathe because the smell was so
horrendous and I’m boiling my eyes out
because this is a sign from my
father so I did this big bomb drive off
the bank into the water and I just the
water and I oh I Shing my legs and stuff
the funny thing is is that you know when
I finally got my head out of the water
that day I swear that I could hear
someone
laughing and to
me I received the sign that I was
looking for and that was the
sign okay uh good morning I am Dr Greg
Nash and
uh yes uh I’m a Lector in communication
but as we’ve said I’m also a baker a
pastry cook and a cake decorator and I
never forget where I came from now
stories make us who we are and we live
in a place this rural community is a
place of such Rich vibrant stories such
a history of stories especially with a
history like imp’s
got I’m on this Crusade at the moment to
get people to embrace public speaking
skills and the thing with public
speaking is that story plays a big part
in it story is so important because
story builds trust story is what
connects you to the
audience um I just want to tell you a
couple of a little bit about my history
one of the first times I ever did public
speaking was in 2006 it was fairly
important I was at the bris Writers
Festival and the reason that I’m telling
you this is because I want you to see
that learning how to talk is really
important it is a learned SK skill so
what actually happened with that
particular time I went down there and I
was with my uh wife and my daughters I
was really nervous about it because
there was some really po important
people in the crowd and I wanted to
impress them i’ had written a bit of
stuff so I actually had to talk about it
um and it was horrific I was up the
front there and I was shaking I was
shaking so much that I couldn’t even
read what I had written and um of course
the voice was a real issue too and I’m
going to break this down slowly for you
the thing the way that I really knew
that I had stuffed it up was because at
the end of it my daughter came up to me
and said dad you sound like you’re going
to cry I was like I was like yeah thanks
for that I feel so much better now and
uh but it dawned on me that hey what
happened to me I know how to communicate
I talk to people all the time I know how
to do this what happened to me when I
actually got the front here so today my
challenge to you is I want to innovate
the way that you communicate I want you
to embrace public speaking skills and as
we’ve seen today people like to listen
to people and this is really hard
because we are all communicators believe
it or not we are experts of
communication that’s the one profession
we all have we all do it every day from
as soon as we wake up till the moment we
go to bed but there’s a couple of things
that we have to think about here first
of all in terms of public speaking and
we’re talking about um we’re talking
about storytelling here this really
comes back to Aristotle’s the art of
persuasion now he has these three main
things here ethos logos and pathos ethos
is the appeal to credibility logos is
logic now logic always takes the big
picture in public speaking you know you
want to be logical in what you’re saying
cuz you don’t want to come across as
being stupid you know you got to know
what you’re saying ethos it takes a real
back back seat this is credibility so
this is about who am I what Authority do
I have to speak on this what information
am I using and where did I get this
information and then finally there’s
Pathos and pathos is the big one and
that’s the appeal to the emotions of the
audience you know the appeal to emotion
now in public speaking appeal to emotion
is Paramount because trust is the big
issue here you want to gain trust with
the audience and storytelling is the
best way to appeal to emotion as you’re
going to see the other thing we have to
think about is is the way we communicate
and the way we communicate in terms of
actual communication 70% of
communication is non-verbal so it’s how
you actually tell the
story so what I’m going to do here is
just look at a couple of little things
that I’ve just noticed with you guys
today and with what happens up here the
difference between informal and formal
public speaking just today I’ve seen
little groups on the brakes outside and
you’re all in these groups and you’re
speaking some are big groups some are
small
groups just going to let you know right
now that’s public speaking you’re out
there you’re telling stories to each
other you’re talking about your
experiences you are actually doing it
you’re doing exactly what I’m doing now
but you’re doing it in an informal
fashion what we got to do is take the
communication that happens in that
informal realm and we’ve got to move to
this formal realm right here so what
might happen out there is you might be
talking about the weekend about your
fishing trip and you’re saying you
should have been there it was Unreal
we’re all just sitting there talking
we’re on the back of the boat next
minute he’s just like he’s holding he’s
just like this you know it was Unreal
we’re all screaming at him Yahoo and and
when he finally got it him man this
thing was this big now if I had seen you
actually doing that out there and I
walked up to you and said hey can I get
to you when I’m doing my speech just to
come up and tell that story two things
probably would have happened first you
would have vomited in your mouth because
you would have gone oh well I’m not
going to get up there
and the second thing is is if you were
going to do it you would have gone oh
yeah I suppose I could do that you would
get up here and all of that wonderful
communication would abandon you you’d be
gone what would end up happening is
actually you’d get up the front here now
we know how beautiful it was out here
but as soon as you stand up here you
look at the crowd and you’re sort of
like oh je you know you work out pretty
quick hey I put my hands in my pockets I
can hide them well this isn’t so bad I
can hide something it doesn’t take too
long when you just start talking that if
you put one leg in front of the other
one well I can hide one of my legs this
isn’t too
bad and so all of a sudden we start
crumpling up you know I can almost hide
my head inside here if I’m and hey they
won’t be able to tell how fat I am if I
turn
sideways and The Voice doesn’t work so
it would be yeah we’re in fishing on the
weekend with my mate and um we caught a
really big fish it was
fun so what actually goes on here we got
to look at a couple of things let’s
let’s break it down a bit The Stance how
do you stand when you’re public speaking
well the first thing you do is you come
out here and you think how am I going to
stand I’ve never been in front of an
audience before this is really bad so
you going sort of you know your arms
don’t know what to do with your arms hey
the best thing to do is spread your legs
stand ight get your hands especially if
you’re nervous cuz they’re going to be
shaking L clamp them together and pop
them in front of you this is important
and the reason I’m letting you know this
is because voices in the community work
you know you want to be a good public
speaker so these are easy little skills
subtle things that work so you can put
put your hands in front of you and this
isn’t too bad got to be careful of Mr
leg though because if you’re holding all
of that nerves in there Mr leg is going
to get out the side here and start
shaking but there is a good thing with
that too because your Stan is going to
work with that first of all you’ll find
with the hands in the middle here if you
do get into a story in man they
fantastic because you own these you know
them your body knows how to communicate
after a little while you’ll start
talking and one hand will pop out here
and then the other hand all of a sudden
you’re conducting the orchestra and you
haven’t even realized what happened the
fish was this big you know it’s great
but the other thing is maybe small
movements and you’ll notice if you
actually watch this whether it’s online
or something of me I’ve I’ve gone all
over the place I’ve used this whole
Space here it’s great for your nervous
energy you know I’m a little bit nervous
but these subtle little movements here
they actually change your focus of where
you are the other thing here is your
gestures how do you move your arms your
face you got to be careful you don’t get
like floppy arms all the way out there
so not too pronounced but just nice
small ones you know Kevin R he used to
have his little pointer the pointer is
great you know to actually have the
pointer there a bit of this and a bit of
that you make a big point you get the
one finger in there cuz that’s a big one
and this is a big one so they actually
you know they work really well as well
but it’s also that positive affirmation
you want people to agree with you so you
look at them and you Nodge your head I
can tell you right now if you’re looking
at the audience going like this they’re
not going to look back at you
go they’re going to they’re going to nod
with you as well cuz you’re really
trying to get them on board with what
you’re saying our other big one is what
we call par Linguistics all the
properties of the voice the tone the
pitch the volume even things like a
pause in what you’re saying this is so
important you know when I talked about
my father dying I didn’t say oh yeah my
father died that day I was really sad
and he just kept going I slowed it right
down you could hear it in my voice this
is where the emotion comes from and then
at the end when I said he died there was
this pause there anyone who’s felt that
or you know you’re reflecting on it that
pause is communicating so much it’s a
nice steady pace and it keeps the
audience involved with what you’re
actually saying as well so this is
another really good point my final point
for public speaking and again I really
hope you think about this because you
are expert communicators is eye
contact this is what creates trust do
you know what this does it lets people
know that you want them to hear what you
have to say so it actually makes it an
intimate process and it creates trust it
creates warmth and you know this is the
extra actual Rapport that you want to
build with the audience because trust is
everything you want them to believe what
you’re going to
say at this particular point I think I
should wrap up so I really want to say
to you now this is my crusade innovate
the way that you
communicate you are a public speaker you
just don’t realize that you have to move
it from the informal through to the
formal and have a big voice in a small
community thank you very much
⚡ Learning goals
- Give a short talk that uses a personal story to build trust.
- Use non‑verbal cues (stance, gestures, pauses, eye contact) to support your message.
- Explain ethos, logos and pathos and apply them in a presentation.
✨ Key language
- build trust with a story “Let me share a quick story.”
- appeal to emotion (pathos) “This moment changed how I speak.”
- move from informal to formal speaking “Out there we chat — up here we present.”
⚙️ Rules & Grammar — 4 Structures
1️⃣ Past narrative with sequencing
Rule: Use then/when to order events in a story about your life.
Examples: When I was 13, we moved to the country.; Then I spoke at the festival and froze.; Later, I learned to control my pace.
Common pitfall + fix: Mixing past simple and present forms. — Use past simple for finished past events..
Which appeal targets the audience’s emotions?
Tip: Ethos = credibility; Logos = logic; Pathos = emotion.
Fill with the best answer:
You ____ vary your pace and pause to keep attention.
Tip: Modal verbs like should/need to give advice.
2️⃣ Advice with modal verbs
Rule: Offer clear, gentle advice in presentations.
Examples: You should keep a steady stance.; You must prepare a simple outline.; You need to make eye contact.
Common pitfall + fix: Confusing must/should/need to. — Choose should for advice; must for strong necessity..
Choose the best discourse marker to start a final point.
Tip: Use markers like first, then, finally to structure a talk.
Fill with the best answer:
Storytelling ____ trust and rapport with the audience.
Tip: Use present simple for general truths.
3️⃣ Present simple for general truths
Rule: State principles that are always true.
Examples: Story builds trust with the audience.; Pauses communicate emotion.; Non‑verbal cues matter more than words.
Common pitfall + fix: Using -s incorrectly with he/she/it. — Add -s with third‑person singular forms..
Which term means the speaker’s credibility?
Tip: Ethos concerns who you are and your authority.
Fill with the best answer:
Good ____ and gestures help your message land.
Tip: Keep a stable stance; let gestures support meaning.
4️⃣ Discourse markers
Rule: Guide listeners with clear signposts.
Examples: First, tell a short story.; Then, explain your key point.; Finally, invite questions.
Common pitfall + fix: Overusing filler words. — Use a few strong markers to structure ideas..
Which is a non‑verbal element mentioned in the talk?
Tip: Non‑verbal cues include stance, gestures, voice and eye contact.
Fill with the best answer:
A brief ____ can communicate emotion powerfully.
Tip: Paralinguistics includes pace, pitch, volume and pauses.
✍️ Vocabulary
storytelling
Meaning: sharing real or imagined events to make a point.
Synonyms: narrative, narration, tale.
Chunk/Idiom: tell a personal story.
Example: I opened with storytelling to connect with the room..
Morphology: noun.
Self-practice: Tell a 3‑sentence story about a lesson learned.
credibility
Meaning: quality of being trusted or believed.
Synonyms: trustworthiness, reliability, authority.
Chunk/Idiom: build credibility with examples.
Example: Her research boosted her credibility with the audience..
Morphology: noun.
Self-practice: List two things that raise your credibility in a talk.
audience
Meaning: people who listen to or watch a performance or talk.
Synonyms: listeners, crowd, spectators.
Chunk/Idiom: read the audience.
Example: He read the audience and slowed his pace..
Morphology: noun.
Self-practice: Note three cues that show your audience is engaged.
gestures
Meaning: hand and body movements that communicate meaning.
Synonyms: motions, signals, movements.
Chunk/Idiom: use natural gestures.
Example: She used small gestures to emphasize key points..
Morphology: noun.
Self-practice: Practice three gestures that match your next point.
stance
Meaning: the way you stand, showing balance and confidence.
Synonyms: posture, bearing, position.
Chunk/Idiom: keep a steady stance.
Example: A steady stance makes your voice stronger..
Morphology: noun.
Self-practice: Film yourself and adjust your stance for stability.
eye contact
Meaning: looking at listeners to create connection.
Synonyms: gaze, look, focus.
Chunk/Idiom: maintain eye contact.
Example: Frequent eye contact built instant rapport..
Morphology: noun.
Self-practice: Choose three people and rotate eye contact naturally.
☁️ Examples (+ audio)
Storytelling connects me to the audience and earns their trust. I vary my pace and pause to highlight important points. Good stance and gestures keep listeners focused and confident. Ethos, logos, and pathos guide how I shape my message.
✏️ Exercises
Grammar
Which appeal targets the audience’s emotions?
Tip: Ethos = credibility; Logos = logic; Pathos = emotion.
Choose the best discourse marker to start a final point.
Tip: Use markers like first, then, finally to structure a talk.
Fill with the best answer:
You ____ vary your pace and pause to keep attention.
Tip: Modal verbs like should/need to give advice.
Fill with the best answer:
Storytelling ____ trust and rapport with the audience.
Tip: Use present simple for general truths.
Vocabulary & Comprehension
Which term means the speaker’s credibility?
Tip: Ethos concerns who you are and your authority.
Which is a non‑verbal element mentioned in the talk?
Tip: Non‑verbal cues include stance, gestures, voice and eye contact.
Fill with the best answer:
Good ____ and gestures help your message land.
Tip: Keep a stable stance; let gestures support meaning.
Fill with the best answer:
A brief ____ can communicate emotion powerfully.
Tip: Paralinguistics includes pace, pitch, volume and pauses.
✅ Guided practice
Mini-dialogue:
A: Can you share a story to open your talk?
B: Sure. I’ll start with a moment that changed me.
A: Nice. Keep eye contact and slow down at the key line.
Why this matters:
Stories create trust; non‑verbal cues signal confidence; clear structure helps audiences follow.
Verb & Adjective Pack:
appeal — I appeal to what matters to you.
engage — Engage the room with a clear opening.
pause — Pause after key points to let them land.
connect — Connect through honest, specific detail.
Try & compare:
Fill with the best answer:
Ethos, logos and ____ help shape your message.
Tip: Pathos is the emotional appeal.
Self-correction: Fix the sentence: I slow down and pause to let it sink in.
Tip: Use past narrative when describing what you did on stage.
Practice aloud: Listen, repeat, then type the sentence.
Make eye contact and speak with a steady, confident pace.
Tip: Keep a calm rhythm; don’t rush important lines.